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Oxycodone Addiction
Oxycodone works by stimulating certain opoid receptors that are located throughout the central nervous system, in the brain and along the spinal cord. When the oxycodone binds to the opoid receptors, a variety of physiologic responses can occur ranging from pain relief, to slowed breathing to euphoria. Withdrawal reactions include anxiety, irritability, sweating, trouble sleeping and diarrhea. Oxycontin Addiction:
Oxycontin is a prescription painkiller used for moderate to high
pain relief associated with injuries, bursitis, dislocations, fractures, neuralgia,
arthritis, lower back pain and pain associated with cancer. It contains oxycodone,
an opium derivative and is produced in a time released tablet. Oxycontin commonly
referred to as OC, OX, Oxy, Oxycotton and kicker, was introduced in 1996 and has
had a rapid escalation of abuse. The tablets can be chewed, crushed and snorted
like cocaine, crushed and dissolved in water and then injected like heroin. The
most serious side effect is respiratory depression, particularly dangerous for
the elderly. Oxycontin
addiction and demand has resulted in pharmacy robberies and forged
prescriptions. The estimated number of people aged 12 or older with an oxycontin
addiction has increased from 1.9 million in 2002, to 3.1 million in 2004.
The largest increase occurred among young adults aged 18 to 25.Alcohol Addiction
Alcohol Addiction is a chronic disease characterized by a strong craving for alcohol, a constant or periodic reliance on use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, the inability to limit drinking, physical illness when drinking is stopped, and the need for increasing amounts of alcohol to feel its effects. Heroin Rapid Detox
As an Opioid heroin use escalates as the body’s tolerance for the drug increases. The increased tolerance is the cause of many overdose deaths given that the heroin user may be injecting 3 to 5 times the lethal dose in order to maintain their high. Rapid detoxification from high tolerance heroin use is extremely dangerous and can be fatal. Relapse for a heroin user after some period of absence can also be fatal as their tolerance level is no longer present and the same amount used during their last episode prior to a period abstinence will often kill the user. Inpatient Treatment is most often residential in that they require that the client live within the facility during treatment. Inpatient treatment centers and programs are a higher level of care than outpatient programs and provide more intensive services and treatment than lower levels of the care continuum.Addiction
Addiction implies that a drug dependency has developed to such an extent that it has serious detrimental effects on the user (referred to as an addict). They may be chronically intoxicated, have great difficulty stopping the drug use, and be determined to obtain the drug by almost any means. The term addiction is inextricably linked to society's reaction to the user, and so medical experts try to avoid using it, preferring dependence instead.Substance Abuse
Substance abuse has a range of definitions related to disaproval over use or overuse of mood altering substances. These fall into four main categories: Substance abuse may lead to addiction or substance dependence. Medicaly, dependence requires the development of tolerance leading to withdrawal symptoms.Residential Treatment is a level of care that entails that the client live (resides) within a treatment facility for a specified duration of care; most often 28 days. Residential Treatment Programs and Centers usually include group and individual therapy sessions and span the confinement continuum from open campus to lock down facilities.Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Intervention
A drug and alcoholism intervention is an attempt by family members and friends to help a chemically dependent person get help for his or her addiction.Drug Rehabilitation
Drug Rehabilitation
is an umbrella term for a variety of processes by which a person addicted to a
drug stops using that drug. These processes can vary from cold turkey to the use
of substitute drugs which do not have the same action upon the state of consciousness
as the original drug to which the person was addicted. Binge Drinking:
According to a rent study conducted by Kathryn Graham, et al of the University of Western Ontario psychology department "Depression is most strongly related to a pattern of binge drinking,"
Binge Drinking is defined in the study as consuming at least 5 alcoholic beverages at one sitting.
Whether Binge Drinking resulted in the development depression or whether depression contributed to a persons binge drinking was unclear in this study.
Xanax
Addiction
- As one of the class of drugs benzodiazepines Xanax has been shown to be a dangerous drug to withdraw from. The reason that Xanax withdrawal is dangerous is that as a CNS depressant that slows neural activity in the brain when the drug is abruptly stopped brain activity can rebound and accelerate out of control. Prolonged Xanax users should not attempt to withdraw from the drug without medical supervision.Addiction or Dependence
There are many reasons for drug abuse, including calming or exciting effects, escape from reality, search for awareness & mysticism, masking pain, blunting anxiety, fighting depression, escaping mental or physical deficits, lightening other burdens, improving performance, etc. Such drugs often require increasing dosage to obtain the same effect, leading to mental and physical dependence and possibly severe withdrawal symptoms with high risks.GHB Addiction
Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate (GHB) known by its street names as scoop, liquid ecstasy,
Grievous Bodily harm, Georgia Home Boy etc. is one of the latest designer “club
drugs”. Used as a general anesthetic in Europe and first used in the US as a
work out aid in gyms it is most often an odorless, colorless liquid, with a
slightly salty taste. Generally classed as a CNS depressant sedative the dangers
of GHB use are substantial –to include rapid respiratory failure and death -
and when mixed with alcohol is sometimes used as a so called “date rape” drug.
GHB is highly addictive and GHB
addiction severity and dangers when detoxing off the drug
are in many cases worse than cocaine and heroin. GHB addiction withdrawal includes
profuse sweating, anxiety attacks, and may be accompanied by spiking blood pressure
and rapid pulse. Even when the physical symptoms look like they are going to
subside the GHB addict may often experience severe hallucinations and psychotic
episodes well into day 7 of a detox episode and beyond . GHB addiction withdrawal
needs to be closely medically monitored as the withdrawal episode can indeed
be life threatening.
Cocaethylene is formed in the human body by the ingestion of cocaine and alcohol in combination. The effect of this combination is to inhibit the dopamine neural transporters. At the turn of the 20th century Vin Mariani was a popular mixture of wine and cocaine, primarily in Europe
The principal physical danger of cocaethylene is to the heart and is more toxic to the cardiovascular systems than either alcohol or cocaine separately. Cocaetheylene has been shown to be prevalent in post mortem autopsies leading to the findings that the combination can indeed kill.
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substances |
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| alcohol
tobacco | marijuana
| cocaine | opiates | club
drugs | stimulants | hallucinogens
| inhalants | prescription
drugs | steroids | caffeine |
Alcohol
Tobacco
- ABCs
of TobaccoGraphic images of the effects of tobacco on a variety of organ systems;
presented at Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids site
- Active
and Passive Tobacco Exposure This American Heart Association
statement summarizes the current literature on the harmful effects of
exposure to tobacco among youth
- Addicted
to Profit: Big Tobacco's Expanding Global Reach Report reviews
the international toll of tobacco use and highlights key countries such
as China, Mexico, and Vietnam
- Action
on Smoking and HealthComprehensive site offering the latest news, tobacco information, and
links
- American
Cancer Society Includes a variety of resources and information
related to smoking effects and cessation strategies
- American
Lung AssociationIncludes a variety of resources and information on smoking effects and
key cessation strategies
- Bidi
Fact Sheet Early findings in imported Indian cigarettes popular
among many teenagers
- Blair's
Quitting Smoking Resource PagesExtensive resources on smoking cessation
- CDC's
TIPSTobacco Information and Prevention Source Center for Disease Control
and Prevention site presents news and educational information on tobacco,
cessation, Surgeon General's reports, and youth smoking
- Clearing
the Smoke: The Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction National
Academy of Sciences book reviewing research on "safer" tobacco
products and filters
- CSAP
Resource Guide: Tobacco Research-based guide listing key references,
books, and treatment resources
- Cigarette
Papers Influential online book that examines over 4000 Brown
& Williamson documents; written by Stanton Glantz and colleagues
- Cigars:
Health Effects and Trends National Cancer Institute "backgrounder"covers
cigar health effects, addictiveness, and trends
- Committed
Quitters SmithKline Beacham site provides extensive resources
for quitting tobacco --- smoker "first aid," dependency quiz,
savings calculator, personal profiles, craving tracker
- Dying
to Quit: Why We Smoke and How We StopNational Academy Press book addressing the "myths and mysteries"
of nicotine addiction
- Environmental
Tobacco Smoke Links to documents about secondhand smoke, produced
by the Environmental Protection Agency
- Florida
Tobacco Control ClearinghouseDirectories,
legislative information, research, and bulletin boards from a state
that has demonstrated a strong commitment to Tobacco Control
- Frontline:
Smoke in the EyePBS report about the behind-the-scenes maneuvers of CBS and ABC with
stories about the tobacco industry
- Get
Outraged Massachusetts Tobacco Control website devoted to tobacco
education
- Growing
Up Tobacco-Free National Academy of Sciences book reviewing
the effects of tobacco use on young people
- Health
Effects of Exposure to Environmental TobaccoSmoke Research report reviewing current knowledge about ETS
- Irreversible
Health Effects of SmokingAmerican Council on Science and Health report examines the irreversible
effects of cigarette smoking on various organ systems and challenges
the notion that short-term exposure to smoking has no lasting adverse
consequences
- Jeffrey
Wigand WebsitePersonal website of the famous tobacco company whistleblower
- National
Cancer Institute:Cigars MonographResearch findings related to cigar smoking
- National
Center for Tobacco-Free Kids Tobacco prevention and advocacy
group with comprehensive information about tobacco and youth
- Arizona's Tobacco Quitline Comprehensive
site with information and links related to tobacco effects and treatment
- NIDA
Research Report: Nicotine Addiction Excellent review of current
knowledge about tobacco use
- Notables
Who Died from Smoking Famous
people who died from smoking, extends back to movie stars of the forties
and fifties
- Ontario
Tobacco Research Unit Home Page This division of the Ontario
Ministry of Health provides information about effective tobacco control
programs and policies
- Public
Citizen: Burning Down the HousesExpose' about Big Tobacco's congressional lobbying
- Public
Citizen's Tobacco Legislation Page Tobacco documents at this
site include testimony, legal briefs, and reports about legislative
activities
- Question
It Anti-tobacco site that offers insights into tobacco marketing
tactics and tips for activism, such as writing letters to tobacco advertising
companies; produced by the Partnership for a Healthy Mississippi
- Quit
and Stay Quit This site, developed by Dr. Terry Rustin, provides
an online evaluation of smoker's profiles with quitting suggestions;
also includes addiction-related handouts and PowerPoint presentations
for professionals
- QuitNetOne of the few tailored intervention sites for tobacco users interested
in stopping their habit
- Quit
Smoking Support Extremely information-rich site includes self-assessment
questionnaires, bulletin boards and chat rooms, inspirational letters,
smoking cessation methods, and some vivid diseased lung photos
- Reducing
Tobacco Use Surgeon General's report describes effectiveness
of strategies for tobacco cessation and prevention
- Roswell
Park Tobacco DocumentsThis site offers an in depth look at tobacco ads for almost every brand,
the Youth Marketing Collection, and documents released by the House
of Representatives
- 60
Minutes: Jeffrey Wigand Famous interview with the Brown &
Williamson whistleblower, the basis for the movie "The Insider"
- Smoker's
Body Graphic depiction of the effects of tobacco use on various
parts of the body --- definitely not for the squeamish
- Smoking
Among Minorities This Surgeon General's report offers statistics
about tobacco use, adolescent use, and risk factors among African Americans,
American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders,
and Hispanics
- Smoking
and Health Database Center for Disease Control searchable database
that includes Surgeon General's reports, research data, state reports,
tobacco industry documents, and educational materials; includes information
for media campaigns
- Smoking
Healthline Smoking cessation site which includes personalized
feedback, quitting tips, a chat room, and expert responses to questions
- Society
for Research on Nicotine and TobaccoAcademic organization that seeks to stimulate new knowledge concerning
nicotine "in all its manifestations -- from molecular to societal,"
site offers newsletter and research abstracts
- State
Tobacco Information Center Provides
information and updates on state litigation brought by attorneys general
against tobacco companies
- The
TruthHighly creative anti-tobacco site that provides young people with information
on the history, marketing, and effects of tobacco; developed by the
American Legacy Foundation
- Tobacco
Archives Public website that provides access to millions of
pages of tobacco company documents that have been produced in U.S. civil
smoking and health litigation
- Tobacco
and the Clinician:
Interventions for Medical and Dental Practice National Cancer
Institute monograph for physicians and dentists
- Tobacco
Bulletin Board Service: News and
Resources Breaking news, key documents, and historical information
about tobacco, updated daily
- Tobacco
ControlQuarterly international journal covering tobacco control and intervention
programs; offer e-mails of tables of contents
- Tobacco
Control Archives Collections Links to tobacco control documents
in different states
- Tobacco
Control GalleryAustralian site shows pictures of the health effects of smoking, historical
illustrations, and advertising in different countries (note: graphic
intensive and loads slowly)
- Tobacco
Resolution Links to tobacco documents and tobacco company websites
- Tobacco
Freedom Highly informative site provides extensive documentation
regarding manipulation by tobacco companies
- Tobacco
Resolution Links to tobacco documents and tobacco company websites
- Tobacco
Use Among Middle and High School StudentsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention report describing current
statistics regarding tobacco use in teenagers
- Tobacco
and Women's Health:
A Survey of Popular Women's Magazines A survey showing that
popular women's magazines give little or no coverage to some of the
most serious health conditions; published by the American Council on
Science and Health
- Tobacco
Week Late-breaking news in the world of tobacco
- Try
To StopMassachusetts Department of Public Health tobacco cessation site that
offers a "quit wizard," expert advice, and "e-cards"
--- online postcards to help others who are quitting tobacco use
- What's
in a Cigarette?Detailed description of the process of smoking and the chemicals consumed;
published by the American Council on Science and Health
- World
Health Organization Tobacco Free InitiativeGlobal tobacco control program that seeks to "reduce smoking prevalence
and tobacco consumption in all countries and among all groups,"
has pages devoted to women, youth, passive smoking, and religion
- You
Can Quit SmokingNational Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information guide to smoking
cessation
Marijuana
- Busted:
America's War on Marijuana Frontline report on marijuana and
U.S. society
- For
RealSite designed for teens looking for the real deal is behind marijuana;
part of the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
- Marijuana
and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base National Academy of
Sciences review of the efficacy of medical marijuana
- Marijuana
Education Program: Reality CheckNational Institute on Drug Abuse initiative that offers a community
kit, a parent's guide, resources, research findings, and news
- Marijuana:
Facts for Teens Online booklet geared toward marijuana use prevention,
produced by National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Marijuana:
Facts Parents Need to KnowCompanion parent booklet to "Marijuana: Facts for Teens"
- Marijuana
Policy Project Harm reduction advocacy group that lobbies and
tracks marijuana legislation in the U.S.
- MarijuanaNews.Com
Latest news about marijuana from around the world
- Medical
Marijuana: Master ReferenceNumerous documents supporting the medical use of marijuana
- National
Conference on Marijuana Use Prevention, Treatment, & Research1995 conference examining biological, psychological, and social effects
of marijuana use, includes link to PDF file of report
- Research
Findings on Medicinal Properties of MarijuanaArticle from Common Sense for Drug Policy supporting the medicinal use
of marijuana
- Workshop
on the Medical Utility of Marijuana National Institutes of Health
report on the effectiveness of marijuana with a variety of diseases
and disorders
Cocaine
Opiates
Club
Drugs
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Prescription
Drugs
Steroids
- Community
Drug Alert Bulletin National Institute on Drug Abuse summary
of latest research findings on anabolic steroids
- NIDA
Research Report: Anabolic SteroidsNational Institute on Drug Abuse research review of steroids
- Steroids
FAQs Common steroid-related questions and answers provided by
the Partnership for a Drug-Free America
- Winning
at Any Cost Report that uncovers doping in Olympic sports and
the system and financial pressures that allow it; produced by the Center
on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
Caffeine
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