Substance Abuse
Substance abuse has a range of definitions related to disaproval over use or overuse of mood altering substances. These fall into four main categories: Substance abuse may lead to addiction or substance dependence. Medicaly, dependence requires the development of tolerance leading to withdrawal symptoms. Heroin Rapid Detox As an Opioid heroin use escalates as the body’s tolerance for the drug increases. The increased tolerance is the cause of many overdose deaths given that the heroin user may be injecting 3 to 5 times the lethal dose in order to maintain their high. Rapid detoxification from high tolerance heroin use is extremely dangerous and can be fatal. Relapse for a heroin user after some period of absence can also be fatal as their tolerance level is no longer present and the same amount used during their last episode prior to a period abstinence will often kill the user.
It is now clinically understood that the neurotransmitter Dopamine
plays a central role in addiction. Most drugs of abuse, with the exception of
benzodiazepines, have a direct effect on increasing the dopamine reward cycle
in the brain.
Once addicted the mere anticipation of getting high will trigger a
marked dopamine response in the addict and/or alcoholic. Likewise early
recovery from addictions is often hampered by the lack of dopamine d2 receptors
that take many months to return to baseline functioning. The lack of sufficient
d2 receptors is a primary reason that many drug addicts and alcoholics fail at
abstenence during the first 90 days of their recovery.
The old timers wisdom of AA and NA of 90 meetings in 90 days has real efficacy
for it gives the recovery process time to work and gives the brain time to
heal.
Rick Murphy, M.A.
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